Objective:
- Understand the usage of the present perfect tense in asking and answering questions about the duration of actions or states.
- Distinguish between the present simple, present continuous, and present perfect tenses.
1. Present Perfect for Duration:
- Form: How long have you + [past participle verb] + [object]?
- Example: How long have you been in Ireland?
2. Present Perfect vs. Present Simple:
- Present Simple: Describes general facts, habits, or routines.
- Example: Vicky lives in London.
- Present Perfect: Indicates actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present or are recently completed.
- Example: Helen has been in Ireland since Monday.
3. Present Perfect with 'For' and 'Since':
- For: Duration of time.
- Example: She has been in Ireland for three days.
- Since: Starting point in time.
- Example: She has been in Ireland since Monday.
4. Present Perfect Simple (Have/Has + Past Participle):
- Used for actions or states that began in the past and continue to the present.
- Example: They have been married for five years.
5. Present Perfect Continuous (Have/Has Been + -ing):
- Indicates actions or states that started in the past and are still ongoing.
- Example: How long have you been learning German?
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A1-A2 Grammar : Present Perfect
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